By petschoicesupply.com Featured Veterinarian,
Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

What is Separation Anxiety Disorder in Dogs?

Separation anxiety disorder is a disease involving psychological, emotional, behavioral, and physiological aspects. This disorder has been reported in birds, dogs, cat, horse, pig, sheep, goat, cattle, cetaceans (whale, dolphin, or porpoise), and human and nonhuman primates. This discussion will be focused on the canine companion population.

Canine separation anxiety disorder occurs when a given dog is forced to remain at a physical distance from their owner. Dogs affected by separation anxiety disorder can exhibit psychogenic grooming (“over-grooming”) and secondary self-inflicted injury. This disease may be similar to phobic disorders and panic attacks in people. Dogs may show over-exaggeration and overreact to ambiguous or unpredictable situations. Similar to bipolar disorders in people, dogs can fluctuate between manic or agitated states and depressive or subdued states. These clinical signs may be more overt in more severe cases.

How Common is Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

Approximately 14% to 20% of canine patients from general veterinary practices show signs of separation anxiety disorder in their owners’ absence.

However, as with other anxiety disorders in veterinary patients, underdiagnosis of anxiety-dependent separation problems has been previously reported due to misinterpretation of normal and pathological anxiety and the lack of recognition of mild clinical signs by pet owners.

As such, it is suspected that up to 50% to 56% of the overall canine population may actually display clinical signs of anxiety at some point in their life.

To quantify it: out of the total population of approximately 160 million dogs in the United States and Europe, this disease may affect approximately 85 million dogs. Also, separation-related problems are one of the primary cited reasons for the relinquishment of dogs to animal shelters. 

Physiological Changes from Separation Anxiety Disorder in Dogs

The more psychological aspects of this disorder are obvious, but also prone to interpretation and subjectivity. The definition of this disorder from within the lens of physiological changes has proven interesting from both an understanding of the disease as well as in aiding veterinarians to diagnose the disease with increased clarity.

There are numerous physiological changes that have been reported in studies of dogs and other animals to be associated with various psychosocial stresses. These include: increased glucocorticoids, increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), altered cardiovascular parameters, altered immune parameters, and increased nerve growth factor. Additionally, the neuropeptide oxytocin has been found to attenuate anxiety, central fear responses, and neuroendocrine reactivity. Conversely, the neuropeptide vasopressin has been associated with augmented anxiety and fear expression and increased neuroendocrine stress response.

These two neuropeptides are not only a focus of research because of their direct involvement with affecting behavior as it relates to the stress-response and their seemingly polar opposite effects on the body, but also because they are synthesized in the brain. Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized in the hypothalamus, primarily in large magnocellular neurons situated in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and secreted from their axons, which are projected to the neurohypophysis, into the general circulation.

Diagnosing Separation Anxiety Disorder in Dogs

Physiological biomarkers can be measured from any numbers of bodily fluids and are helpful objective measures of a specific disease. Because the diagnosis of behavior disorders carry a large element of subjectiveness, such behavior biomarkers would be incredibly valuable.

In a 2019 veterinary research study, dogs with separation anxiety have been shown to depict exploratory behavior at a rate that is significantly less than normal dogs. Additionally, those dogs with anxiety were significantly more persistent in expressing passive stress-coping strategies aimed at seeking proximity to their pet owners. Upon reuniting with their owners, those dogs with separation distress spent significantly more time jumping up on the strangers than normal dogs did.

The researchers in this study also found that the concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin hormones collected from the salivary glands of anxious dogs did not differ between samples taken before the separation. However, vasopressin concentrations immediately after separation were significantly higher. These results indicated that dogs with separation distress became more anxious than normal dogs when separated from their owner in an unfamiliar environment and provided preliminary support for the use of salivary vasopressin as a possible biomarker for anxiety-related responses in dogs.

Treatment Options

Many antidepressants exert their positive clinical effects by inhibiting serotonin reuptake, norepinephrine reuptake, or the reuptake of both. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants act specifically on synaptic serotonin concentrations by blocking its reuptake in the presynapse and increasing levels in the presynaptic membrane. Thus, the concentration of available serotonin, and therefore its effects, is increased.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants includes citalopram, escitalopram (the active enantiomer of citalopram), fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Both clomipramine (Anafranil is the common brand name) and fluoxetine (Prozac is the common brand name) are currently approved for the treatment of canine separation distress. This class of drugs are as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in treatment of major depression with less significant side effects. They are also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorders, alcoholism, obesity, migraines, and chronic pain in human beings.

As with any medication, behavior modifying drugs contain potential side effects and toxicities. Clinical signs of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant medication toxicosis are the result of excessive amounts of serotonin in the central nervous system, termed serotonin syndrome. These signs include nausea, vomiting, mydriasis, hypersalivation, and hyperthermia. These clinical signs are dose dependent and higher dosages may result in the serotonin syndrome that manifests itself as ataxia, tremors, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, diarrhea, and seizures.

Diagnosis of toxicosis is based on history, clinical signs, and response to therapy. No single clinical test is currently available to confirm toxicosis. The goals of treatment in this intoxication are to support the animal, prevent further absorption of the drug, support the central nervous system, control hyperthermia, and halt any seizure activity. The prognosis in animals that receive treatment for toxicosis is excellent. In one retrospective study, there were no deaths in 313 dogs experiencing toxicosis. Differential diagnoses for overdose or toxicosis includes ingestions of other serotonergic medications such as phenylpiperidine opioids (fentanyl and tramadol), mirtazapine, buspirone, amitraz, and chlorpheniramine.

Cannabidiol (CBD) treatment for canine anxiety

Overall, the medical research on the role cannabidiol (CBD) and related therapies currently play in treating and managing canine separation anxiety is still severely limited. 

An informative 2019 veterinary research study regarding the collection of anecdotal veterinary use of CBD was performed. It was concluded in that study that CBD was most frequently discussed as a potential treatment for pain management, anxiety and seizures. The most commonly used CBD formulations were oil/extract and edibles. These were also stated to be the most helpful in providing analgesia for chronic and acute pain, relieving anxiety and decreasing seizure frequency/severity. The most commonly reported side-effect was sedation.

For pet owners, a 400 mg CBD hemp oil product by The Anxious Pet is available, used specifically for dogs weighing 15 pounds or less. For those dogs without known peanut allergies and who are not prone to pancreatitis, a 5 mg CBD chew is also available for those dogs suffering from anxiety. Simply follow the directions on the product!

At this time the ability to discuss and the quality of discussion with a veterinarian regarding the use of cannabidiol to treat or manage canine conditions varies widely state by state and individual by individual. Placing federal and state legal limitations aside, the safety margins and appropriate doings of cannabidiol still need to be determined.

Fortunately, a 2020 veterinary research study tested three cannabis oil formulations containing either cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol (a crystalline compound that is the main active ingredient of cannabis), or a combination of the two in healthy dogs. These dogs were exposed to increasing doses of these products with the goal of establishing types and incidences of adverse events. In summary, the study showed that dose escalation of the cannabidiol-predominant oil formulation was shown to be as safe as the placebo and safer than dose escalation of oils containing tetrahydrocannabinol. Adverse events were reported in all dogs across the groups and 94.9% of these events were deemed mild.

Dogs are not the only species whom CBD has been studied in. A 2019 study published in the Animals Journal (Basel, Switzerland) studied the pharmacokinetics of a CBD-rich hemp nutraceutical in otherwise healthy dogs and casts. Eight of each species were provided a 2 mg/kg total CBD concentration orally twice daily for 12 weeks with vigorous blood panel screening and measurements. Cats do appear to absorb or eliminate CBD differently than dogs, showing lower serum concentrations and adverse effects of excessive licking and head-shaking during oil administration.

There are a number of older studies that have also evaluated various dosages, routes of administration, formulations, effects, and toxicoses of such products in the canine and feline population.

For more information regarding the most current, up-to-date statutes governing the prescribing, dispensing, and use of medical marijuana and CBD in animals, we urge you to visit the following sites:

USA: 

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA):
  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/veterinarians-and-public-health/cannabis-use-and-pets
• Food & Drug Administration (FDA):
  https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd

Canada:

• https://portal.cvbc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Medical-Marijuana-and-Cannabidiol-Guidelines.pdf

Future treatments

Certainly, there is more to learn about canine separation anxiety disorder and ways to treat it. Novel therapies are still being evaluated and we can anticipate more research in the future.

A 2017 veterinary research paper explains that the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in attachment formation and bonding between humans and domestic dogs. As such, intranasally administered oxytocin affects on social cognition and social bonding in dogs has been researched and could potentially be a treatment option of separation anxiety.

Likewise, future drugs targeting the vasopressinergic system may also offer treatment options for canine separation distress therapy.

SOURCES:

Deabold KA, Schwark WS, Wolf L, Wakshlag JJ. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats.Animals (Basel). 2019 Oct 19;9(10):832. PMID: 31635105

Fitzgerald KT, Bronstein AC. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure. Top Companion Anim Med. 2013 Feb;28(1):13-7. PMID: 23796482

Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Hellyer P, Rishniw M. US Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions. Front Vet Sci. 2019 Jan 10;5:338. PMID: 30687726

Thielke LE, Udell MA. The role of oxytocin in relationships between dogs and humans and potential applications for the treatment of separation anxiety in dogs. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 Feb;92(1):378-388. PMID: 26548910

Pirrone F, Pierantoni L, Bossetti A, Uccheddu S, Albertini M. Salivary Vasopressin as A Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker of Anxiety in Dogs Diagnosed with Separation-Related Problems. Animals (Basel). 2019 Nov 26;9(12):1033. PMID: 31779267

Vaughn D, Kulpa J, Paulionis L. Preliminary Investigation of the Safety of Escalating Cannabinoid Doses in Healthy Dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Feb 11;7:51. PMID: 32118071

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

By petschoicesupply.com Featured Veterinarian,

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

All service professionals are frustrated by the number of things they wish their clients knew. Vets are no different. Some things may appear to be common sense in pet care, but not all pet parents grasp them. Here are some of the most frustrating ones!

Last-minute health certificates for airplane travel

It is all too common that when a health certificate is needed for traveling with your pet, the request for such a certificate arrives at the veterinary facility too late. It can often take 10 days or more from the time a pet visits the veterinarian (for a physical examination, vaccination updates, and any necessary testing), to the time where a health certificate stating that the pet is healthy and free of infectious disease can be issued to the traveler.  

Since this process requires multiple steps, it is vital that the moment a pet owner plans or schedules a flight with their pet, that an appointment is made with a federally accredited veterinarian. This may require seeing a different doctor at the practice a pet owner normally visits or even making an appointment with an entirely new veterinary facility to meet with an appropriately licensed vet. Not every veterinarian is approved to write health certificates!

Pet parents: save yourself and your vet the frustration by just planning ahead!

Here is another blog post I wrote on this topic, going into extensive detail:
Flying With Your Pet – by Dr. Shadi Ireifej

Not looking into pet insurance

There are many different pet insurance companies out there. Each contain different plans, options and costs. Select the insurance company and plan that best fits your companion pet situation and lifestyle. Seeking your family veterinarian’s opinion may also be valuable when deciding on which company to choose.

Despite pet insurance companies being around since the 80s, most people are unaware that such services exist. Or, many people are aware of these companies, but just fail to see their benefits.

Pet insurance companies are, relatively speaking, a gamble. This is true of any insuance. The pet owner pays a specified dollar amount on a monthly basis just in case the pet gets unexpectedly ill or sustains trauma. For pets who are prone to illness or trauma or for pet owners who are not focused on preventative health measures, such services are extraordinarily beneficial. Those pets who tend to stay out of trouble or for pet owners who are diligent about preventative and safety measures, the benefits of the insurance coverage for your pet may never be utilized.

That being said, nobody hopes that their pet becomes ill or hurt just for the sake of the insurance company benefits being utilized. Therefore, the question of whether or not acquiring pet insurance is worth it for any given pet owner really comes down to your ability to financially secure veterinary health if an emergency arises. If your financial situation does not lend itself to an unexpected large veterinary expense in a very short period of time, pet insurance is potentially of great benefit to you.

Once pet insurance is acquired, and your pet sustains an unfortunate medical or traumatic injury that necessitates emergency veterinary care, the company will ask for your final veterinary invoice. Based on your plan, the pet insurance company will then reimburse you a specific amount of the invoice you had paid your veterinarian. These reimbursements can often be quite substantial – it’s worth your time to do the paperwork! The pet insurance company will also ask for medical records and a form filled out and signed by your vet.

Rarely, some pet insurance companies allow for pre-approval based on the estimate from your veterinarian. This is helpful with very large expenses. The pet owner contacts their insurance company, submits the estimate to them, and within minutes to hours the company may determine if they are going to reimburse you and how much.

So, pet insurance sounds like a great thing and pet owners should look into it. What exactly is frustrating about it to veterinarians?

This: pet parents, do not wait to acquire pet insurance until the time your pet needs it!

There is a waiting period between requesting pet insurance and finally having it. If your pet starts feeling sick, you don’t just get to buy insurance for them on your way to the vet clinic. The insurance company may also not cover pre-existing conditions. Pre-existing conditions may be those that were present in your pet’s medical history prior to acquiring the insurance (even if something just happened prior to the purchase) or those conditions that may have an increased likelihood of occurring based on your pet’s genetics or history.

I speak for all sensible vets when I say: look into insurance for your pet as early as possible. If it makes financial sense for you, it can be a great benefit to have – and it may even save your pet’s life!

Unnecessary appointments and “non-emergencial” emergencies

A big frustration for veterinarians originates from pet owners creating appointments as emergencies for issues that are not actual emergencies, or worse – often not even medical concerns at all. Although the veterinarian is more than happy to evaluate and take care of a client’s pet and alleviate the pet owner’s concern, such an appointment takes up time and resources, despite the simplicity of such a case. And for most veterinarians, their time is scarce: they consistently have fully booked appointment slots, surgeries planned, phone calls to make, and actual medical emergencies entering their facility at any moment. 

There is an emerging solution that bridges the gap between a pet owner’s ease of mind and providing excellent veterinary care to a large number of people – all the while avoiding a potentially unnecessary and expensive in-person veterinary visit that adds to the already busy and stressful day of your veterinarian. That is veterinary telemedicine.

This brand-new and evolving branch of veterinary medicine is gaining more and more traction by the day, especially now during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet despite the popularity of telemedicine on the human medicine side, the vast majority of pet owners (and veterinarians!) are still learning what veterinary telehealth entails.

VetTriage.com is a one-of-a-kind direct to consumer video telemedicine service that aims to alleviate the frustrations of overscheduled vets while giving pet owners an easy, affordable channel for pet care. Pet owners be assured in knowing that if a sudden ailment to their pet can be managed with conservative care at home or with a scheduled veterinary appointment, the doctors at VetTriage.com will advise them accordingly.

Note: if a true medical emergency exists, a vet will be able to identify this during a telehealth consultation – which will make it more likely for other vets to make room in their schedule to see the ill or traumatized pet!

In conclusion…

This list of what veterinarians wish their clients knew comes with the best of intentions. Vets do not take joy in seeing ill or traumatized pets who cannot get help! The more prepared a pet owner can be, the better a vet can help them when a pet emergency arises. Help your vet help you (and your pet)!

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

By petschoicesupply.com Featured Veterinarian,

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

Owning (parenting) a pet is difficult! It takes years of experience with owning many pets to get the hang of it. Husbandry, nutrition and medical issues are just some of the broad topics that are often a source of confusion and frustration for many pet owners. In this series, we will visit some of the more common mistakes pet parents make and present solutions for (and ways to entirely avoid) those mistakes.

Part One:

To determine whether a situation is serious enough for medical attention, first just think of your pet as human.

Veterinarians receive numerous questions daily with regard to what constitutes an actual medical emergency. Seizures, vomiting, limping, bloody urine, ear infections, lethargy, and so forth are only a small number of clinical signs pet parents bring to the vet’s attention on a daily basis. Pet owners are (understandbly) not always sure about what constitutes an actual emergency. They’re not wrong to be confused – after all, most pet owners have no medical background. Even the pet owners who are medically trained dare not compare the clinical signs seen in their pet with the human counterpart in case differences exist (and they definitely do).

So, in the absence of being able to reach a vet during a potential medical crisis, what can a caring and responsible pet owner who is not medically trained do to “troubleshoot” how serious their pet’s clinical signs at home are?

I want to present to you a simple way of thinking that may help ease your mind as a parent: imagine that your pet were a human. In fact, imagine that your pet were a human that you care for deeply – a parent, a sibling, or a dear friend. Even moreso, imagine that your pet were not only a human you cared for, but your own human child.

Now ask yourself…

How many of us are likely to take our child to the emergency room if they weren’t hungry for one meal? Or if your child was a little less energetic that day? Or maybe your child felt a little feverish. Probably most of us wouldn’t even consult with a doctor at the onset of such mild symptoms in our children, much less take them to the hospital. We’d probably just troubleshoot the problem ourselves and observe the child more closely to see if the problem progresses, persists, or resolves.

In contrast, what if your child were having seizures? Or became paralyzed? Or had constant vomiting for hours or even days? The vast majority of us would seek emergency medical consultation immediately.

Believe it or not, veterinarians are constantly facing such issues. Clients either wait way too long with what should have seemed like an obvious medical emergency, or are way too reactive with the most minor of clinical signs. If more pet owners imagined that the illness their pet is experiencing was actually occurring in their child, then there would be a clearer logic dictating what step to take.

All too often veterinarians are confronted with illnesses and trauma that required more immediate attention earlier. This affects costs to the pet parent, viable treatment options, and the patient’s prognosis. There is nothing more heartbreaking to a vet than giving a pet owner bad news about their pet, knowing that had the owner acted sooner, the discussion would have been different… and more positive. At the same time, constant seeking of medical advice for seemingly minor issues not only creates unnecessary financial burdens to the pet parent, but also takes an appointment slot away from a pet that may actually have a true emergency.

Note that this idea of thinking of your pet like a human child is not meant to replace sound veterinary advice from an experienced professional. After all, we are all aware that some of the most serious illnesses manifest themselves with seemingly benign clinical signs at home. But, when you as the pet owner are contemplating the next step and are unsure of how concerned you need to be, try to implement this thought process the next time your pet is ill or traumatized. This is especially useful during times where access to a vet is limited or not possible because the facility is closed or the vet is too busy to answer your call.

“OK, but what do you do when you just aren’t sure if it’s serious or not?”

Veterinary Telehealth is an excellent compromise between making your own judgement and seeking a professional’s opinion in person. VetTriage.com is the premier online veterinary telemedicine resource that does just that: a real veterinarian triages your pet. When you can’t be sure about what to do, you get a quick answer to the question: “how concerned should I be with the signs my pet is currently displaying?”

The online vet will inspect your pet through proprietary video software in real time, 24-hours a day, 7-days a week, while also collecting vital information from you regarding your pet’s history and current clinical signs. When it comes to medical conditions, time is of the essence – especially if it turns out to be a real emergency.

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

By Pet Pro Supply Co. Featured Veterinarian,

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

Owning (parenting) a pet is difficult! It takes years of experience with owning many pets to get the hang of it. Husbandry, nutrition and medical issues are just some of the broad topics that are often a source of confusion and frustration for many pet owners. In this series, we will visit some of the more common mistakes pet parents make and present solutions for (and ways to entirely avoid) those mistakes.

Part Two:

If you wanted to maximize your own health and longevity, you would try to prevent as many diseases as you could. You would do this proactively, with vaccines, since so many diseases are easily preventable with a simple injection. Prophylactic medicine has the same goal for pets. Investing in prophylactic healthcare for your pet now means avoiding diseases and improving their quality life.

In this article we will discuss why investing the time and money with preventative measures now are worth it to prevent spending more time and more money in the future when your pet becomes ill with a disease that could have been prevented.

My veterinarian wants me to spend all of this money on these unnecessary shots for these diseases I never heard of – what’s the deal?

Vaccinations have been an integral part of both human and animal health for a very long time. Their development has changed the course of human history. In fact, at the time of writing this, the world is racing for an effective and safe COVID-19 vaccine, as we all know. It’s the same thing with vaccinations within the animal world. Their continued use is of vital importance to not only each individual pet, but to animals as a whole, on a population-wide scale. The takeaway: don’t skimp on these!

Here are some examples.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

The overall seroprevalence of both feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV or what’s commonly called “feline AIDS”) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in healthy cats is 0.1 to less than 2%. In those that are considered at high risk or ill, the incidence becomes 6 to 33%. Vaccinations to such viruses are not considered core vaccines but can be used for infected cats.

Although the FIV vaccine is not 100% protective, the antibodies induced by vaccination will persist for at least a year and the antibodies can be passed in the colostrum. This aids in strengthening the immune system for infected cats. The same is true for FeLV; those cats that have a history of being FeLV-vaccinated that develop an abscess or wound are more likely to be seronegative when compared to those without a vaccination history (seven times the risk!). In fact, the incidence of FeLV infection has decreased in recent years because of effective vaccination and larger scale testing programs.

Why is this important? Here is the list of potential diseases that could arise secondarily from FeLV- and FIV-positive cats:

Chronic inflammation

Hemolytic disease

            Anemia

                        Aplastic anemia

                        Anemia of chronic disease/inflammation

                        Blood loss

                        Immune-mediated hemolysis

                        Mycoplasma infections

            Myelodysplastic syndrome

            Pancytopenia

            Panleukopenia-like syndrome

            Transient/persistent/cyclic neutropenia

            Thrombocytopathia/thrombocytopenia

Neoplasia (cancer)

            Most commonly lymphosarcoma/lymphoma

Neurologic disease

Ocular disease

Opportunistic secondary infections

Hopefully these are scary enough for you – get your cat vaccinated!

Now let’s look at a vaccination that is considered a core vaccine.

Feline panleukopenia virus

This is a highly contagious virus in cats that is also known as “feline parvovirus.” As one example of how prevalent this can become: on a population-wide scale, cats in Costa Rica have a 92.8% incidence of being seropositive with only 16% of cats having a history of receiving vaccinations. 

This shows how an obvious risk factor to developing infection is a lack of or poor vaccination history. The mean age of infected cats is 4 months old and 56% of patients are less than 6 months of age! The scariest part: the survival incidence once infected with the virus is only 51.1%!

The science is clear: vaccination history plays a huge role in mitigating the risks of becoming infected and ill by this virus. Again: make sure to get your cat vaccinated!

Let’s move on to some dog diseases that rely on vaccinations as preventative measures of more serious diseases.

Parvovirus

This is a hardy and highly contagious virus of dogs. Of the dogs infected, 45% are 4 months of age or less. The risk factor of being positive for distemper virus (another virus potentially prevented by routine vaccination) concurrently in a parvovirus-infected dog is 3.7! Those dogs that are a year of age or older and positive for distemper virus are more likely to be concurrently positive for parvovirus. It’s clear that getting this vaccination is very important.

Vaccination to all canine parvoviral types with a modified live vaccine results in positive antibodies. Having the protective antibodies increases survival to 67%. Compare this to a mortality of over 90% without treatment and 0 to 30% with treatment. Such intensive care cases can remain in a 24-hour specialty and emergency hospital for days to even weeks, accruing thousands of dollars in fees.

For dogs vaccinated against the canine distemper virus, a virus neutralization of 45% infers a protective antibody titer. Dogs with a protective distemper virus antibody titer increases survival to 43%.

So: please, pet parents! Get. Your. Dog. Vaccinated.

Rabies

I mention Rabies here as a vivid example of how incredibly effective vaccinations can be.

The human death toll per year due to rabid dogs is about 35,000 to 50,000. Most of these occur in Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America and India. In contrast, in the US, where dogs are routinely vaccinated for rabies, the incidence of human death due to canine rabies is a very low 3 to 11 cases per year.

Certainly this virus creates quite an economic toll. Public health investigations, animal rabies testing, post-exposure prophylaxis, livestock deaths, pet vaccinations, and public education efforts all play a role. Costs increase by 20% when dealing with post-exposure prophylaxis.

Most importantly: Rabies is highly infectious and 100% fatal once clinical signs are evident. Rabies vaccinations are not only highly efficacious in disease prevention, but also minimize risk to other animals and are hugely beneficial from a public health standpoint. 

Because Rabies is such a well known disease, you don’t see many pet parents arguing against getting their pet vaccinated for Rabies. The same attitude should prevail when considering vaccinations for less well known diseases.

Prevention with vaccination is key.

Conclusion

The list of reasons why veterinarians recommend prophylactic measurements, like vaccines is endless. The above is only a short, illustrative list of viral infections that can be prevented or mitigated with vaccination protocols.

When proper measures are taken in disease prevention, your pet is safer, you worry less, and you can save your finances for times of true medical emergencies, where preventative measures were never an option. Vaccines are well worth the investment now to prevent avoidable disease in the future.

VetTriage.com offers 24/7 veterinary sessions to discuss such topics and provide guidance. The goal of VetTriage is to not only make you as a pet owner more aware of issues such as vaccines, but to also strategize with you on the best means of providing your pet with treatment options when an unexpected medical emergency arises.

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

Introduction

Trimming dogs’ fur with electric clippers is commonplace in professional grooming and in preparing pets for veterinary surgery. Professional groomers and veterinarians know their way around clippers and know the proper techniques to avoid any harm to your pet. However, that’s not always the case when pet parents choose to trim their dog’s fur at home!

In this article, Dr. Shadi Ireifej (a board certified veterinary surgeon) will review proper hair clipping technique for home grooming and also share some of the science behind skin trauma and infections on pets resulting from clipping.

Proper hair clipping techniques

First: some basic, practical advice for trimming fur:

• Prior to grooming, give your pet a bath with a neutral shampoo, taking care to avoid getting water and shampoo in the ears or eyes. Drying after the bath begins with a dry towel followed by a blow dryer, while also brushing the pet to remove knots and mats.
• The ideal clipper should be as quiet as possible, so as not to startle the pet.
• There are both battery-operated, cordless clippers and those that plug into the wall to maintain their charge, so choose the one that fits your space best. For easy, quiet operation at home, we recommend Aeolus’s handheld clippers.
• When shaving your pet, be methodical. A systematic approach not only ensures you don’t miss any spots, but also prevents cosmetic blemishes like shave lines
• Keep the pet still to prevent accidental trauma. Grooming-induced lacerations, dermatitis and abrasions are common, and are at a higher risk with wiggly pets! But, how do you keep your pet sitting still? Methods include administering sedatives (always check with a veterinarian prior to administering any medications to your pet!), manually holding the pet and utilizing grooming positioning accessories to help with pet restraint.
• Clip with the growth of the hair (as in, go in the same direction as that of the hair). This also creates a more smooth and natural look to the shaving.
• A brush can be used to help lift the clipped hair up for those moments where the clippers do not seem to be removing hair adequately. This also aids in acquiring a more even appearance to the clipped hair.

Remember: grooming at home may save money, but it’s not for everyone! Not every pet tolerates it well and not every pet parent has great grooming skills. Always seek the service and guidance of a professional groomer if you are not 100% sure of your abilities (or your pet’s patience with you while you learn ????).

Here is some science on using clippers on your pets:

2019 canine study

It was found that 24 hours after hair clipping using a No. 40 blade, a significantly higher incidence of erythema (redness) and higher number of bacteria (Micrococcaceae) was found when compared to hair clipped using a No. 10 blade.

This is intuitive, and the science backs it up: using smaller blades means finer and more precise trimming, and thus less redness and less chance to spread bacteria. The larger clipper size causes more skin trauma and has more surface area for bacteria to colonize, so it presents a higher risk of infection. Naturally, it is much more difficult to groom a bigger dog with smaller blades, so just remember to keep cleanliness in mind when grooming bigger dogs!

2016 veterinary clinic study

Contaminated clipper blades have been cited as potential fomites involved in the transmission of pathogens in veterinary and human medicine. In this particular study, it was found that 51% of clipper blades sampled were contaminated with bacteria. It was also found that the type of cleaning solutions had a significant association with bacterial contamination, whereas the cleaning frequency, storage location, and practice type had no significant association with bacterial contamination.

What this means: pick your cleaning solution carefully! It’s the main factor in spreading bacteria in grooming. Use a professional-grade disinfectant every time.

2010 fungal infection study

Fomites such as brushes and clippers are known to be potential risk factors for the transmission of dermatophytes (such as fungus) between pet animals. Thankfully, the risk of this as a result of adequate veterinary clinics and pet grooming salons disinfection protocols is incredibly low.

Takeaway: if you choose to groom your dog at home, clean your equipment just like a pro would! (Take a look at our tool sanitization products).

Conclusion

There are plenty of excellent products out there for those who want to groom their own pets. The right set of clippers is just one very important tool used for this purpose. Clippers also come with their own risks, though, especially bacterial colonization on the hair-clipped skin. Using a smaller-sized clipper blade and using a potent antiseptic for cleaning the clipper blades may aid in preventing this. Additionally, adequate cleaning techniques appear to be highly effective against preventing fungal infections from clipper usage.

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

References:

Recovery of dermatophytes in pet grooming tools from veterinary clinics and pet grooming salons.

Bağcigil AF, Ikiz S, Ozgür NY, Ilgaz A.

J Small Anim Pract. 2010 Jan;51(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00856.x.

PMID: 20137008

Evaluation of the number of colony forming units on the skin of dogs after clipping the hair with two sizes of clipper blades.

Messiaen Y, MacLellan JD, Pelsue DH.

Am J Vet Res. 2019 Sep;80(9):862-867. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.80.9.862.

PMID: 31449448

Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination of Clipper Blades in Small Animal Private Practice.

Mount R, Schick AE, Lewis TP 2nd, Newton HM.

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2016 Mar-Apr;52(2):95-101. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6355. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

PMID: 26808435

Shadi J. Ireifej DVM DACVS

November 05, 2020

By petschoicesupply Featured Veterinarian,

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS
Co-founder and Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage

Veterinarians ought to offer their clients all options, including the very best and most expensive – and let clients decide for themselves.

Those who sell a product or a service will likely judge their clients or customers, regardless of whether they do this consciously or subconsciously (likely both). Let’s explore this seemingly surprisingly complex issue and its impact on veterinary care.

What we mean by “judging”

Being a veterinarian myself, I will focus this discussion towards and about veterinarians. Like it or not, veterinarians are salespeople. We sell products and we sell services. Our success comes from our clients purchasing such products and services. This is as true for the veterinary field as it is for any type of business.

We judge clients based on their appearance, mannerisms, words spoken and so on. We may do this consciously or subconsciously, innocently or maliciously, appropriately or inappropriately. Our pre-emptive judgment on clients then affects our actions and thoughts as doctors. For instance, doctors will hold off on offering certain products and services and push for other products and services based on this judgement. Since the majority of pet owners are not medically trained, most clients are unaware of what they are not being offered, or why they are being pushed towards other options. Further, because the pet owner is unaware, the doctor does not receive constructive feedback on their behavior; in this way, this cycle continues.

When we judge a client we make assumptions about whether they can or cannot afford products or services, and whether they want or don’t want these products or services. So when we judge the client, we not only have limited what their options may be for their pet, but we implicitly have already have made the decision for them, to a certain extent. We feel this is justified because our judgement of them is rarely, if ever, questioned; nobody calls out the veterinarian on the behavior. Additionally, there are typically no long-term consequences of this judgement so there is no reason to change the behavior.

Judging often comes in the form of assuming a client cannot afford available options. Judging also may come in the form of assuming a client will not or should not pursue a specific option for their pet because the medical provider wouldn’t perform such a procedure on their pet or utilize such a product on their own pet. I am confident there are other categories of judgement relevant in veterinary care, but these two are by far the most common types, in my experience.

The inherent problems with judging

Ignoring the obvious social implications of preemptive judgement on consumers, medically speaking, we eliminate the options from the pet owner when not all the options are being discussed. Meaning: pet owners will not be able to make a completely informed decision if all the options are not laid out in front of them as being equally plausible. We are making the decision for the pet owner, to a potentially significant degree, by withholding all fair options for them to consider regarding their pet.

Consequently, if the pet owner realizes at a later time that other options were possible, then mistrust, annoyance, anger and so forth may ensue towards the veterinarian or the clinic. Ethically and medically speaking it is also inappropriate to not make every plausible option available to the pet owner. These repercussions hurt the reputation of the veterinary clinic, the doctor and the staff involved. This also can hurt the veterinary profession as a whole, whereby the community will mistrust the lot of us.

Lastly, if the same consumer presents to the doctor some time later with another pet with similar concerns, and different options are presented to this particular pet than what were presented to the consumer previously to their other pet with similar concerns, they may question as to why this discrepancy exists. Since our level and type of judgements likely differ day-to-day or week-to-week depending on our mindset that day and other psychological factors, it is possible that you may offer the same consumer different options for the same medical concern at different time periods, and not be able to recall why. This is important because as doctors we are trained to act in a structured or even “algorithmic” manner. We are trained to proceed with an action the same way every time to minimize mistakes and maximize consistency and thoroughness. Judgement taints this ability because on any given day, your actions as a doctor will be influenced by it and therefore subject to inconsistency.

The solution

Not being a psychologist or even remotely trained in how the human mind operates, especially in the context of judgement and other similar “imperfections,” I can only expand on this from my own experiences as a veterinarian of over 15 years. So, although the solution being presented in this article may seem appropriate, the concept of judgement is a larger topic that would require a much deeper understanding of the human psyche and society as a whole.

With that being said, the solution to the problem of judgement in veterinary is straight forward: give all plausible options that are currently available for the pet owner regarding their pet, all the time, for every pet owner. The reason why this is straightforward is because of how doctors are conditioned, as touched upon above. If we, as medical professionals, are acting in structured or patterned manner every time to minimize error and maximize success, then offering pet owners all the fair options in every instance, despite the inherent judgments that will occur, is the solution to this problem.

In fact, had this train of thought been stressed in the training of veterinarians in veterinary universities, the issue of personal judgment would not be problem at all (or would at least occur with less frequency). If this training occurred to the same degree and intensity as training a doctor how to read x-rays, for example, then certainly judgment would be less of an issue.

Veterinary colleges and universities should take heed, and train veterinarians to avoid such biases or judgments that influence their medical decisions as well as the decisions of their clients.

The medical case is analyzed by the veterinarian and all options should be made available, specific to that case. No option is to be eliminated until the consumer eliminates an option or options themselves, for whatever reason or reasons they elect. Once the client is given all viable options specific to that case, they then choose what they agree to and what they do not agree to, with their own reasons. In this way, you, the doctor, will remain consistent, transparent and fair in all cases for all pet owners.

Conclusion

In my opinion, doctors’ judgments pertaining to clients are largely not malicious. I do believe that veterinarians judge because they are trying to save the client money or are trying to spare them from having to reluctantly decline an unaffordable option – and the guilt that may be associated with that. Or, perhaps the veterinarian feels it’s more time-efficient to not go through options they feel the client will not have an interest in pursuing.

Sometimes judging is performed with negative intent, however. Perhaps the veterinarian is tired or lazy and does not feel like going through all options because of the required time and energy. Or perhaps the veterinarian honestly does not know that other options exist for a particular case, and their actions lean more towards ignorance than malice.

Regardless of the known or unknown intent of judging a client, it should be eliminated from our thought process, as it not only affects the doctor’s decision-making but it also affects the decision-making of the client, and ultimately hurts the pet and potentially the reputation of your clinic as well as veterinary medicine as a whole.

Offer all fair and available options specific to that medical case, without judging the client and without entering your own opinion as a pet lover into the equation. Let the client make their own informed decision, and let’s keep our “judgy paws” off their decision-making!

About Dr. Shadi Ireifej:

Dr. Shadi Ireifej DVM DACVS is the Chief Medical Officer at VetTriage. He holds degrees from SUNY Binghamton and Cornell University and has practiced as a veterinary surgeon all across the United States. Follow him on Instagram @dr.shadi.ireifej and subscribe to his YouTube channel (Dr. Shadi Ireifej).

About VetTriage:

VetTriage is the world’s foremost provider of veterinary telehealth services. With VetTriage, pet owners have immediate access to triage advice from licensed veterinarians. Follow them on Instagram @vettriage and Facebook (facebook.com/televeterinarian).

Veterinary clinics are the frontline defenders of our furry companions’ health and well-being. To provide the best care possible, a well-equipped clinic is essential. In this article, we’ll delve into the must-have veterinary supplies that every clinic should have in stock. From diagnostics to treatment, these supplies form the foundation of comprehensive and effective pet care.

1. Diagnostic Equipment:

Accurate diagnostics lay the groundwork for effective treatment. Ensure your clinic is equipped with:

• Digital Radiography System: Modernize your practice with digital X-ray technology, allowing for faster image acquisition, reduced radiation exposure, and the ability to share images digitally for consultations.

• Ultrasound Machine: A versatile tool for imaging internal organs, monitoring pregnancies, and guiding procedures such as biopsies.

• Blood Chemistry Analyzer: Swiftly analyze blood samples for crucial health markers, aiding in diagnosing conditions and monitoring treatment progress.

2. Surgical Instruments and Supplies:

For surgical interventions and procedures, a range of quality instruments and supplies is essential:

• Surgical Instruments Set: Scalpels, forceps, scissors, and clamps for various procedures, promoting precision and efficiency.

• Sterile Drapes and Gowns: Maintain a sterile environment during surgeries to prevent infections and complications.

• Suture Materials: Different types of sutures for wound closure, tailored to various tissues and surgical techniques.

3. Pharmacy Essentials:

A well-stocked pharmacy ensures timely treatment and alleviates discomfort:

• Common Medications: Pain relievers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and antiparasitic drugs to address a variety of conditions.

• Prescription Management System: Streamline prescription processing, dosage tracking, and client communication.

4. Patient Care and Monitoring:

Caring for patients extends beyond medical procedures:

• Cages and Kennels: Safe and comfortable housing for animals during their stay, recovery, or treatment.

• Anesthesia Equipment: Ensure patient safety during surgeries with proper anesthesia machines and monitoring devices.

• Patient Monitoring System: Vital sign monitors for heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, helping track patient well-being.

5. Laboratory Equipment:

On-site lab capabilities expedite diagnoses:

• Microscopes: Essential for evaluating blood smears, urine sediment, and other samples for quick analysis.

• Centrifuge: Separate components of blood and other fluids for precise testing and diagnosis.

• Culture and Sensitivity Testing Equipment: Identify bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment.

6. Grooming and Hygiene Supplies:

Grooming and hygiene are integral parts of pet care:

• Cleaning and Disinfecting Agents: Maintain a sterile environment to prevent the spread of infections.

• Grooming Tools: Brushes, combs, and clippers to keep pets’ coats clean and healthy.

Equipping a veterinary clinic with these essential supplies is paramount to providing comprehensive and effective care for pets. From diagnostics to surgical interventions, patient care to hygiene, having the right tools on hand ensures that furry companions receive the best treatment possible. By investing in these supplies, veterinary clinics can uphold their commitment to promoting animal health and well-being, earning the trust and gratitude of both pet owners and their beloved companions.

Grooming your pet is an important aspect of their overall care and well-being. However, it’s crucial to approach the grooming process with caution and knowledge to avoid common mistakes that could potentially harm or stress your furry friend. In this comprehensive blog post, we will explore some of the most common pet grooming mistakes and provide valuable tips to ensure a positive grooming experience for both you and your beloved companion.

Neglecting Regular Brushing:

One common mistake is neglecting regular brushing, especially for pets with long or thick coats. Regular brushing helps prevent matting, removes loose hair, and promotes a healthy coat. Failure to brush regularly can lead to discomfort, skin irritations, and an increased risk of skin infections.

Tip: Establish a brushing routine based on your pet’s coat type and length. Use appropriate brushes or combs and make it a positive bonding experience by offering treats and praise.

Using the Wrong Grooming Tools:

Using incorrect grooming tools can cause discomfort and potentially harm your pet. For instance, using human clippers or scissors for trimming their hair can lead to uneven cuts or accidental injuries. Additionally, using harsh brushes or combs can cause skin irritation or pain.

Tip: Invest in proper grooming tools designed for pets. Consult with professional groomers or veterinarians to determine the most suitable tools for your pet’s specific needs.

Neglecting Dental Care:

Many pet owners overlook dental care, but it’s crucial for their overall health. Failure to address dental hygiene can result in gum disease, tooth decay, and even systemic health issues. Avoiding dental care can lead to discomfort and expensive dental procedures later on.

Tip: Establish a dental care routine that includes regular brushing using pet-friendly toothbrushes and toothpaste. Additionally, consider dental treats or toys that promote oral health.

Overlooking Ear Care:

Ear infections are common in pets, especially those with floppy ears. Neglecting ear care can lead to painful infections and potential hearing loss. Cleaning their ears regularly helps remove dirt, debris, and excess wax.

Tip: Use a gentle, vet-approved ear cleaning solution and follow proper techniques for ear cleaning. Be cautious not to insert anything too deep into the ear canal to avoid injury.

Improper Nail Trimming:

Trimming your pet’s nails too short can cause bleeding and pain, leading to fear and resistance during future nail trims. Neglecting nail care can result in overgrowth, which can affect their gait and cause discomfort.

Tip: Learn how to trim nails properly or seek assistance from professional groomers or veterinarians. Use appropriate pet nail clippers or grinders and be cautious of the quick, the sensitive part of the nail.

Bathing Too Frequently or Infrequently:

Bathing your pet is essential for maintaining cleanliness; however, it’s important to strike a balance. Bathing too frequently can strip their skin of natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. On the other hand, infrequent bathing can result in unpleasant odors and a dirty coat.

Tip: Follow bathing guidelines based on your pet’s breed, coat type, and lifestyle. Use pet-friendly shampoos and conditioners, and ensure thorough rinsing to avoid skin irritation.

Rushing the Grooming Process:

Rushing through the grooming process can be stressful for your pet and may lead to accidents or injuries. Forcing them into uncomfortable positions or handling them roughly can create fear and anxiety associated with grooming.

Tip: Approach grooming with patience, taking breaks as needed. Use positive reinforcement, treats, and praise to reward good behavior. Gradually introduce your pet to grooming tools and techniques to help them become more comfortable.

Find all the best tools required for an ideal pet grooming click here.

By avoiding these common pet grooming mistakes, you can ensure a positive and enjoyable grooming experience for your furry friend. Regular grooming sessions should be approached with care, knowledge, and patience. Remember to establish a grooming routine, use proper tools, and prioritize your pet’s dental, ear, and nail care. By fostering a positive grooming environment, you’ll enhance the bond between you and your pet while promoting their overall well-being and happiness.

Purpose and Functionality

Before investing in any veterinary equipment, it is essential to understand its purpose and functionality. Assess your clinic’s specific needs and consider the equipment’s intended use. Whether it’s diagnostic tools, surgical instruments, or monitoring devices, each piece of equipment should serve a specific function in your practice. For example, if you frequently perform orthopedic surgeries, investing in high-quality surgical instruments designed for such procedures is crucial.

Quality and Durability

Quality and durability are paramount when it comes to veterinary equipment. Opting for reliable and durable equipment ensures longevity, minimizing the need for frequent repairs or replacements. Look for reputable manufacturers or suppliers known for their commitment to producing high-quality products. Read reviews, seek recommendations from colleagues, and consider the warranties and after-sales support offered.

Cost-effectiveness

While quality is important, it is also crucial to strike a balance between quality and cost-effectiveness. Veterinary equipment can vary significantly in price, and it’s important to consider your budget without compromising on the necessary quality. Evaluate the cost of equipment in relation to its expected lifespan, maintenance requirements, and potential return on investment. Sometimes, paying a higher upfront cost for a durable piece of equipment can be more cost-effective in the long run, reducing overall maintenance and replacement expenses.

Ease of Use and Training

Consider the ease of use and the learning curve associated with the equipment. Will your staff require extensive training to operate the equipment effectively? Look for equipment that comes with user-friendly interfaces, intuitive controls, and clear instructions. Additionally, consider the availability of training resources, such as user manuals, online tutorials, or manufacturer support, to ensure your team can utilize the equipment efficiently.

Compatibility and Integration

In today’s digital age, seamless integration and compatibility with existing systems are important considerations. Ensure that the equipment you choose can integrate with your practice management software, electronic health records, or other diagnostic tools. This integration streamlines workflows, enhances data management, and facilitates seamless communication between different systems, saving time and reducing errors.

Size and Portability

The size and portability of veterinary equipment should align with your clinic’s physical space and operational needs. If you have limited space, compact and space-saving equipment may be preferable. On the other hand, if you provide mobile veterinary services or have a need for equipment that can be easily transported, consider the portability and weight of the equipment.

7. Safety and Compliance

Safety is paramount in veterinary practice. Ensure that the equipment meets all safety standards and regulatory requirements. Look for certifications or compliance markings that guarantee adherence to safety guidelines. Pay attention to features such as built-in safety mechanisms, ergonomic designs, and measures to prevent cross-contamination.

Technical Support and Maintenance

Consider the availability of technical support and maintenance services for the equipment you choose. Prompt and reliable technical support ensures that any technical issues can be addressed efficiently, minimizing downtime. Additionally, inquire about maintenance requirements, such as routine calibration, cleaning, or servicing, and assess whether you have the resources or access to service providers for proper maintenance.

Feedback and Recommendations

Seek feedback and recommendations from fellow veterinarians or professionals in the field. Connect with professional networks, attend conferences, or participate in online forums to gather insights and learn from others’ experiences. Their firsthand experiences and recommendations can provide valuable guidance in selecting the right equipment for your practice.

Conclusion

Choosing the right veterinary equipment is a crucial decision that directly impacts the quality of care provided to animals. By considering factors such as purpose and functionality, quality and durability, cost-effectiveness, ease of use and training, compatibility and integration, size and portability, safety and compliance, technical support and maintenance, and seeking feedback and recommendations, you can make informed choices that align with your clinic’s needs and goals.

Find the highest quality veterinary equipment click here.

Investing in the right veterinary equipment not only enhances your ability to diagnose and treat animals effectively but also improves overall workflow efficiency and contributes to the success and reputation of your practice. By prioritizing these factors and staying updated with the latest advancements in veterinary technology, you can ensure that your practice remains at the forefront of providing excellent care to your furry patients.

Author: Sergio M.

As pet owners, we want nothing but the best for our furry friends. When it comes to grooming our dogs, choosing the right shampoo plays a crucial role in maintaining their coat’s health and overall well-being. While it may be tempting to use human shampoos for convenience, it’s essential to understand the key differences in pH between human and canine skin. In this blog, we’ll delve into the importance of using professional grooming dog shampoos and why they should be your go-to choice for your beloved four-legged companions.

The pH Difference:

One of the primary reasons why using human shampoos on dogs is not recommended is due to the significant pH difference between human and canine skin. Human skin has a pH level ranging from 5.2 to 6.2, which is more acidic than that of dogs. On the other hand, a dog’s skin pH level ranges from 6.2 to 7.4, leaning towards the alkaline side. Using shampoos formulated for humans can disrupt the natural pH balance of a dog’s skin, leading to a range of potential problems.

Skin Irritation and Dryness:

The use of human shampoos on dogs can result in skin irritation and dryness. The difference in pH levels can strip the natural oils from a dog’s skin, causing it to become dry, itchy, and prone to flakiness. Additionally, human shampoos may contain harsh chemicals and fragrances that can further aggravate a dog’s sensitive skin, potentially leading to dermatological issues and discomfort.

Disruption of Microbiome:

Every living being, including dogs, has a delicate balance of microorganisms on their skin’s surface, forming what is known as the skin microbiome. This microbiome acts as a protective barrier against harmful bacteria and helps maintain skin health. Using human shampoos can disrupt this balance, negatively impacting the microbiome and making dogs more susceptible to infections and skin issues.

The Benefits of Professional Grooming Dog Shampoos:

Professional grooming dog shampoos are specifically formulated to cater to the unique needs of canine skin and coat. These shampoos are designed to maintain the proper pH balance, ensuring that your dog’s skin stays healthy and free from irritation. Here are some key benefits of using professional grooming dog shampoos:

1. pH Balanced Formulas: Professional grooming dog shampoos are formulated to match the pH levels of a dog’s skin, helping to preserve the natural oils and prevent dryness or irritation.

2. Gentle and Safe Ingredients: These shampoos contain gentle and safe ingredients that are specifically chosen to suit a dog’s sensitive skin. They are free from harsh chemicals, fragrances, and additives that could potentially harm your pet.

3. Targeted Solutions: Professional grooming dog shampoos offer a wide range of options to address specific concerns such as sensitive skin, allergies, fleas, or excessive shedding. You can choose the most suitable shampoo based on your dog’s needs.

Recommendations from Our Website:

To ensure you’re using the most ideal shampoo for your furry friend, we recommend exploring the following professional grooming dog shampoos available on our website:

• Green Groom Odor Eliminator Dog Shampoo: Green Groom’s Odor Eliminator Shampoo means No More Wet Dog Smell! This pet grooming shampoo is crafted with Odortrol. It helps to break down odors at the molecular level, leaving your pet’s coat smelling fresh. It gently cleans, conditions and enriches the skin and coat. Luxury meets nature with our antioxidant-rich, natural shampoos and conditioners. BUY NOW
• Bark2Basics DeShedding Conditioner: Is your doggo a FURocious shedder? Meet Bark2Basics DeShedding Conditioner! Crafted to loosen the undercoat, our conditioner combats shedding at the root with strengthening chamomile extract, coconut oil fatty acids, and vitamin E. You’ll see a dramatic reduction in shedding when used on a regular basis. BUY NOW
• Petology Sensitive Therapeutic Conditioner, 16 oz: The Petology Sensitive Therapeutic Conditioner is a natural and gentle pet grooming conditioner. It is a sulfate-free formula that combines beta glucan, aloe, colloidal oatmeal, essential vitamins and natural cleansers. This formula helps to relieve itching and irritation. It is also infused with an advanced blend of botanicals and other mild ingredients. The Sensitive Therapeutic Conditioner gives off a fresh natural aroma that eliminates odors for days. Dilutes 16:1. BUY NOW 
• The Coat Handler Undercoat Control Deshedding Dog Shampoo: The Coat Handler’s Undercoat Control Deshedding Dog Shampoo combats shedding at the root. This specially formulated dog grooming conditioner is crafted in small batches. Made with Omega 3, 6 fatty acids, and vitamin E, it helps loosen undercoats. It also helps combat shedding by adding strength to the hair root. All this while achieving proper moisture levels to help the skin and coat long-term. You’ll see a dramatic reduction in shedding by using the Undercoat Control Deshedding Dog Shampoo on a regular basis. BUY NOW

These are only four recommendations, but we take pride in offering a wide selection of over 200 professional grooming shampoos and conditioners on our website.

To explore our extensive collection of professional grooming dog shampoos and conditioners, please visit the following link: 

Pet Shampoo & Conditioner Catalog 

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Why are professional grooming dog shampoos important for maintaining a dog’s coat health?
What is the difference in pH between human and canine skin, and why does it matter for choosing the right shampoo?
How can using human shampoos on dogs lead to skin irritation and dryness?
What role does the skin microbiome play in a dog’s skin health, and how can using inappropriate shampoos disrupt it?
What are the benefits of using pH balanced professional grooming dog shampoos?
What are the key features to consider when selecting a professional grooming shampoo for dogs?
How do hypoallergenic dog shampoos help dogs with sensitive skin?
Are there specific shampoos available to address shedding issues in dogs?
How can professional grooming shampoos combat fleas and ticks on dogs?
Where can I find a wide range of professional grooming dog shampoos suitable for my dog’s needs?